Modals in Past in English, Modal verbs in english, would have v3, could have v3, may have v3, might have v3, should have v3, must have v3;
Modal + have + participle
| Modal | Concept | Example |
| Would have | Past unreal action | If I had guessed the future, I would have taken some precautions againist what would happen. |
| Could have | Past unreal ability | He could have taken the flight. |
| May have | Past unreal possibility | We may have passed the math exam, but it was in Spanish. |
| Might have | Past unreal small probability | You might have sold the car., if you really needed the Money. |
| Should have | Past unreal recommendation | You should have listened to the teacher. |
| Must have | Past unreal assumption | We must have been crazy! |
